Пластинчато-роторные вакуумные насосы: «Vacuum pumps: types, appliance and specification. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of pumps.»

Vacuum pumps: types, appliance and specification

A vacuum is a sphere from which gases were pumped out. In it, all physical processes occur in a different way. Since there is dissolved oxygen in the liquid, when the temperature rises in a vacuum, it begins to boil at a lower temperature. Vacuum is used for many purposes, for which different types of equipment were invented with which you can create it.

There are 2 main types of vacuum pumps: gas-moving and sorption. In its turn, installations for moving gases are made by steam jet, when there is no moving or rotating parts, and mechanical two types of structures. Those, in turn, are volumetric, rotational and molecular.

As for sorption types of pumps, they are produced in 5 varieties depending on the design, and, accordingly, the principle of operation:

•getter pumps;

•getter-ion;

•magnetic discharge;

•cryogenic;

•zeolitic.

For different purposes and operating conditions, 2 types of rotary pumps are produced: with a liquid seal and without using any liquid substance as a seal. Accordingly, liquids are ring, stator, rotary and plunger pumps. While oil-free are two-rotor, cam and spiral pumps.

Appliance

A need to develop such a large number of varieties of vacuum pumps is explained by the peculiarities of their application and operating conditions. For example, dry two-rotor, rotary-plate, and spiral systems are used for medical and laboratory needs. But such devices can create a relatively small vacuum. If the greatest negative pressure in the chamber is required, then a turbomolecular vacuum pump must be used. It is one of the types of sorption machines. A single-level diaphragm pump can also create a deep vacuum. This device uses a lubricant.

Advantages and disadvantages of different types of pumps

Each of the vacuum pumps has its own characteristics. For example, piston-type or reciprocating, as well as rotary, can create low and medium vacuum. Moreover, those that use oil can last longer, but they are not suitable for laboratory purposes when examining samples of the pumped medium, since oil dust will be present in the gas. If you need to create a vacuum in cryogenic equipment, then only cryogenic ones will cope with this task, because any other ones will fail.