Роторные: «Construction and principle of operation of vortex and rotary blowers»

Construction and principle of operation of vortex and rotary blowers

Modern industry produces various types of blowers that differ not only in their performance characteristics, but also in their operating principles. Different design schemes used by developers have both certain advantages and disadvantages. Features of the supercharger device determine the scope of their application.

Vortex blowers

Units of this type are used to move large amounts of air or other gaseous substances. They are widely used due to the almost complete absence of lubricants entering the discharge chamber. This feature is due to the small number of rubbing parts that require lubrication. The simplest vortex blower consists of:

-        Fixed on one or more support bearings of the shaft, driven by a motor (most often – an electric one).

-        Fixed on the shaft of an impeller with multiple blades of a complex profile.

-        Compression chamber, inside which the impeller is placed.

-        Pipes that provide input and outflow of the transported gas.

The vortex-like movement of air occurs due to the influence of the centrifugal force created by the blades rotating at high speed on the gas molecules. To increase productivity, specialists develop equipment modifications with several impellers mounted on a single shaft and separate pipes (contours) along which the transported gases move.

Rotary blowers

Such devices are also commonly called Roots-type superchargers, after the names of the inventors who patented their development. Their main components are:

- Compression chamber, the shape and size of which is varied by developers depending on the shape and size of the rotors.

-  Located inside the compression chamber and rotating are in constant contact with each other two-petalled or three-petalled rotors.

     - Pipes for air supply and removal. Sometimes, to achieve the required pressure, they install control valves.

     - The engine that drives the entire system.

When moving the petals that are tightly adjacent to each other and to the inner walls of the chamber, a vacuum is created inside the limited volume at the input, and compression is created at the output. Like vortex-type mechanisms, rotary superchargers do not require a constant supply of grease to the contacting components. Despite this, such structures have a high operational resource.